Vitis vinifera, commonly known as the grapevine, boasts 5,000 to 10,000 varieties, with only a select few relevant for wine and table grape production. Domesticated vines have hermaphrodite flowers, while wild sylvestris vines are dioecious. This liana reaches 12-15 meters in height with flaky bark, palmately lobed leaves, and glossy green foliage. It attaches to supports via tendrils, growing woody branches with extensive root systems. V. vinifera primarily thrives in humid forests and along streamsides.